Le journal Lightinderm

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Understanding and treating pigment spots

Pigment spots are a common concern in dermatology. These skin abnormalities, often called hyperpigmentation, result from excessive production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. Various factors can disrupt the natural synthesis of melanin, leading to an overproduction of this pigment. Brown spots, or hyperpigmented spots, can appear after excessive exposure to the sun and sunburn, during hormonal changes such as during pregnancy, after skin inflammation, or following minor skin trauma such as on some post-acne scars. The risk of hyperpigmentation increases with age. These spots can be more or less dark, more or less extensive , and affect all skin types, with a more marked incidence in individuals with dark skin phototypes. Solar lentigo (age spots) Solar lentigo, also known as senile lentigo or age spot, is a common form of skin hyperpigmentation characterized by well-circumscribed, flattened spots, typically 1 to 3 cm in diameter. These hyperpigmented spots result from a localized increase in melanin production by melanocytes, often in response to years of cumulative exposure to the sun's ultraviolet (UV) rays. Solar lentigines can vary in appearance, ranging in color from light brown to dark brown. The texture of these spots is usually smooth, and they do not cause any palpable changes to the surface of the skin. These spots most often appear on areas of the skin that are frequently exposed to the sun, including the face, hands, forearms, chest, back, and shins. These areas receive regular sun exposure, which is why they are more susceptible to UV damage. The appearance of solar lentigines is mainly triggered by acute and chronic exposure to UV rays. Sunlight causes cumulative damage to the DNA of skin cells and impairs cellular repair mechanisms, leading to excessive melanin production in specific areas. Natural skin aging, or senescence, also plays a significant role in the development of these spots. With age, the skin's ability to repair UV damage decreases, which promotes the appearance of lentigines. Therefore, to prevent these spots it is crucial to use sunscreen daily to protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation ( PIH ) manifests as irregular, flattened, heavily pigmented spots or plaques. These marks typically appear at sites of previous injury or inflammation. PIH can persist for months to years, depending on the severity of the initial inflammation and the skin's ability to regenerate. The color of the areas affected by HPI can range from light brown to dark brown, and in some cases, it can even take on gray/blue-black hues if the dermis, the deeper layer of the skin, is affected. This color variation is due to the depth and intensity of the melanin accumulated in the skin. Melanocytes, the cells responsible for producing melanin, increase their activity in response to inflammation, thus producing an excess amount of pigment. Acne scars represent one of the most common examples of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Severe or repeated breakouts cause inflammation that stimulates melanocytes to produce more melanin. Similarly, burns, cuts, and surgical procedures can cause PIH by disrupting the integrity of the skin and triggering an inflammatory response. Several factors can influence the severity and duration of PIH. People with darker skin are generally more likely to develop post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation due to the presence of more active melanocytes. Additionally, repeated exposure to UV rays can exacerbate pigmentation by further stimulating melanocytes. To prevent post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, using sunscreen to protect the skin from UV rays is essential to prevent worsening of pigmentation. Melasma Melasma manifests as areas of skin with persistent, non-scaly, flattened hyperpigmentation . The color of these areas ranges from light brown to gray/bluish, depending on the depth of the affected skin compartments, ranging from the epidermis to the dermis. These patches appear primarily on sun-exposed areas of the skin, such as the face and forearms. Melasma patterns are often bilateral, presenting in one of three distinct patterns: centrofacial (affecting the forehead, nose, cheeks, and upper lip), malar (affecting the cheeks and nose), or mandibular (affecting the jaw). The main triggers of melasma include chronic sun exposure, which is the most significant factor, accounting for 40 to 44% of those affected. Ultraviolet light stimulates melanocytes to produce an excessive amount of melanin, leading to the formation of dark spots. In addition, hormonal fluctuations, such as those observed during pregnancy or due to the use of hormonal contraceptives, can trigger or worsen melasma. This condition is often called "pregnancy mask" when it occurs in pregnant women. Genetic predisposition also plays a crucial role in the development of melasma. Family history increases the risk, suggesting a hereditary component in susceptibility to this condition. Additionally, skin inflammation and aggressive cosmetic treatments can exacerbate melasma by causing an inflammatory response that further stimulates melanin production. Prevention is essential and relies on the daily application of a broad-spectrum sunscreen to protect the skin from UV rays. How to treat pigment spots? Lightinderm's SPOTLESS program offers a complete solution to treat hyperpigmentation by activating the skin's natural processes of melanin elimination and limiting its excessive production. This treatment works in several phases to effectively combat the hyperproduction of melanin and therefore the appearance of pigment spots. Here are the three light + photo-active synergies that make SPOTLESS a powerful ally against hyperpigmentation: • Red Light Synergy 660 nm & Niacinamide: Fights inflammation responsible for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, common after sun exposure, acne or scarring. • Synergy Green Light 520 nm & Andrographis: Reduces UV-induced melanin production, responsible for sun spots and age spots, by preventing the signals that activate melanogenesis. • Synergy of Red Lights 660 nm + Infrared 940 nm & Extracts of Cystoseira and Licorice: Acts on the entire melanin production chain, inhibiting tyrosinase, blocking the maturation of melanin, and boosting its degradation. By applying this treatment in a targeted manner with the Lightinderm precise application ball, you can specifically treat the most affected areas, such as the forehead, around the mouth and cheeks.

5 min read Written by Elsa Palsky

The 8 skin changes linked to pregnancy

Pregnancy is a period of profound metamorphoses for the female body, and the skin is no exception to this rule. Under the influence of complex hormonal variations and physiological changes, the skin of pregnant women can undergo a series of transformations that deserve special attention. A study of 1,935 women who had recently given birth found that 74% of them reported skin changes during pregnancy*. Skin changes during pregnancy are rooted in significant hormonal variations, immune system alterations, vascular changes and metabolic changes. These profound changes are necessary to support fetal growth and development, but can impact maternal health and well-being.   Skin changes related to pregnancy Pregnancy and hyperpigmentation : These changes in skin pigmentation affect a large number of women, often appearing in the first trimester. The most affected areas include the face, areolas, armpits and intimate region. Melasma, also known as the "mask of pregnancy", is one of the most concerning hyperpigmentations, affecting up to 56% of pregnant women*. This problem is linked to an increase in melanin production, under the influence of hormones such as ɑ-MSH (alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone), estrogen and progesterone. Prevention, including limiting sun exposure and using sunscreen products with a high SPF (50 or 50+), is key to reducing the appearance of melasma. Pregnancy and stretch marks : Up to 90% of pregnant women develop stretch marks*, due to excessive stretching of the skin during pregnancy. Stretch marks, which usually appear on the stomach, buttocks, breasts, thighs and arms, may be red or purplish when fresh, then fade over time. Although their treatment is limited, using emollients early in pregnancy can help fade the appearance of stretch marks, while postpartum treatments such as topical or oral retinoids may be considered. Pregnancy and redness or other vascular disorders : Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy can lead to reddened skin, dilated blood vessels and varicose veins. These manifestations mainly affect the face, neck, décolleté and arms. Treatments recommended by your healthcare professional are generally aimed at relieving symptoms and preventing complications. At the same time, you can also adopt certain actions, in particular by avoiding staying still for too long and performing blood circulation exercises. Pregnancy and blemishes : Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy can stimulate the activity of the sebaceous glands, sometimes leading to the appearance of excess sebum production in some women. These hormonal variations disrupt the skin's natural balance and can clog pores. Pregnancy and sweating : During pregnancy, the eccrine glands, responsible for secreting sweat, may be more active, sometimes leading to excessive sweating in some pregnant women. This increase in sweating is often linked to hormonal changes during pregnancy. Pregnancy and Hair : Pregnant women may also experience hair changes, such as hirsutism (excessive hair growth) and an increase in the number of growing hairs. These changes are often temporary and usually disappear after giving birth. However, increased hair loss may occur in the weeks following delivery, followed by hair regrowth in the months afterward. Pregnancy and Nails : Nails can also be affected during pregnancy, often becoming brittle due to a possible decreased intake of proteins, vitamins and minerals. It is recommended to maintain a balanced diet and take dietary supplements if necessary to prevent these problems. Pregnancy and itchy skin : Some women may experience discomfort that may be a sign of skin problems. In case of severe itching or other significant skin symptoms, do not hesitate to consult your doctor or pharmacist. Finally, during pregnancy, pre-existing skin disorders can experience varied developments, with some conditions being alleviated and others worsened. Understanding and anticipating these transformations is crucial for the well-being of pregnant women. Particular attention to skin care and appropriate medical consultations allows these skin changes to be better managed. *sources cited: Ciechanowicz et al., 2018; Putra et al., 2022; Barnawi et al., 2021; Tunzi and Gray 2007; Putra et al., 2022; Barnawi et al., 2021; Vora et al., 2014; Tunzi and Gray 2007.

4 min read Written by Elsa Palsky

When and how to treat acute acne?

What is acute acne? Acute acne is a severe form of acne, which can cause painful lesions and significant inflammation of the skin. It may appear on the face, neck, back, chest or other parts of the body. This disease can leave scars on the face. Symptoms of acute acne include red spots, nodules, cysts and pustules, which may be painful and have white heads or appear as blackheads. This form of acne can also lead to permanent scarring if proper treatment is not adopted. What are the causes of this skin disease? Acute adult acne can be caused by a variety of factors, such as hormonal imbalances, excess oil production, skin inflammation, bacteria, or clogged pores. Women are the most affected. How to protect your skin in case of acute acne? Acne-prone skin should benefit from special treatment to remove blackheads and whiteheads as well as red spots. Adopting the right products as early as possible helps reduce the appearance of spots and excessive sebum production. The first thing to do is find out what type of skin yours is. Acne is a skin disease that affects both oily skin (due to excessive production of sebum by the sebaceous glands), as well as normal, combination or sensitive skin. After your skin type has been identified by your dermatologist, you will be able to use products adapted to your acne-prone skin. What treatment for acute acne? Treatment for acute acne may include topical or oral medications, such as antibiotics, retinoids, corticosteroids, and oral contraceptives. In severe cases, treatments such as photodynamic therapy, dermabrasion or laser surgery may be necessary. It is important to consult a dermatologist to determine the best treatment for acute acne. The recommended treatments depend on the severity of the disease. Your doctor will be able to judge this and tell you what to do to treat your face. Products adapted to your type of inflammatory lesions reduce the risk of having very marked scars on the face or other areas of your body. Do you suffer from moderate to severe acne? Your doctor may prescribe local treatment or local treatment combined with antibiotic therapy. This type of adult acne can be treated initially with medications such as doxycycline or lymecycline. Do you suffer from very severe acne? In this case, your doctor may prescribe isotretinoin treatment. If your dermatologist considers that there is a high risk that you will have marked scars, he may prescribe isotretinoin as a first-line treatment, and then adapt the rest of your treatment. Acne tendency in adult women: what hygiene should be adopted on a daily basis? To prevent the return of this disease, the best advice we can give you is to have impeccable hygiene. To avoid aggravating your lesions or causing new comedones to appear, never touch your face without washing your hands. By trying to break through your red spots, when you scratch or pinch them, you risk opening the way for the P. acnes bacteria. If it's any comfort, know that your pimples will disappear after 2 to 4 days. So it's better to leave your pimples alone (we know that women don't like doing nothing, but it's the best treatment you can adopt!). Another risk that you can already reduce: worsening the condition of your lesions and blackheads by using a smartphone that has never been cleaned. Clean your cell phone screen regularly. It is a veritable breeding ground for bacteria which, when calling without a hands-free kit, can transfer microbes to the skin. To dry your face, use a towel reserved for this purpose and change it every week. Avoid washcloths and facial cleansing brushes which are also conducive to the development of bacteria. If you wear makeup, wash your makeup brushes at least once a week and dry them thoroughly before using them again. Finally, remember to change your pillowcases regularly: during the night, they absorb sweat and sebum which is then deposited again on the skin, which does not help fight acne.

4 min read Written by Shopify API